Tanda dan
gejala terkena racun-venom sitotoksik dari gigitan ular berbisa
sumber berbahasa asing, dengan link di bawah ini :
Venom sitotoksik / cytotoxic venom
(Tanda dan Gejala)
(Tanda dan Gejala)
Racun sitotoksik
adalah menghancurkan sel ,
menyerang jaringan dan sel-sel darah.
Mayoritas milik keluarga Viperidae.
Gigitan sitotoksik 80% dari semua gigitan tercatat di seluruh dunia.
Jenis racun biasanya menyakitkan dan terjadi pembengkakan progresif.
Racun ini bertindak lambat.
Mayoritas milik keluarga Viperidae.
Gigitan sitotoksik 80% dari semua gigitan tercatat di seluruh dunia.
Jenis racun biasanya menyakitkan dan terjadi pembengkakan progresif.
Racun ini bertindak lambat.
Gejala langsung dari
racun sitotoksik:
* Nyeri lokal yang intens di lokasi gigitan yang terjadi segera setelah envenomation / keracunan.
* Pembengkakan bertahap terlihat menjadi lebih jelas seiring berjalannya waktu.
* Mual dan muntah.
* distinct metallic taste / Rasa logam yang berbeda terjadi segera setelah envenomation.
* Kehilangan Conciousness / kehilangan kesadaran .
* Tubuh biasanya masuk ke keadaan shock sebagai akibat dari envenomation yang sering menyebabkan gejala panik pada korban.
* Nyeri lokal yang intens di lokasi gigitan yang terjadi segera setelah envenomation / keracunan.
* Pembengkakan bertahap terlihat menjadi lebih jelas seiring berjalannya waktu.
* Mual dan muntah.
* distinct metallic taste / Rasa logam yang berbeda terjadi segera setelah envenomation.
* Kehilangan Conciousness / kehilangan kesadaran .
* Tubuh biasanya masuk ke keadaan shock sebagai akibat dari envenomation yang sering menyebabkan gejala panik pada korban.
Tanda-tanda lain gejala racun sitotoksik :
* tanda Fang / Fang marks . Ini biasanya merupakan indikasi yang baik dari envenomation potensial. Ini bisa berupa tanda tusukan di situs , atau hanya goresan .
* Rasa sakit dapat digambarkan sebagai sensasi terbakar yang intens di lokasi gigitan .
* Edema ( pembengkakan ) biasanya terjadi segera setelah envenomation , lebih lanjut di sepanjang daerah yang terkena . Racun sitotoksik menghancurkan , atau melemahkan dinding kapiler . Hal ini menyebabkan perubahan tekanan di dalam kapiler yang menghasilkan cairan yang bocor ke jaringan sekitarnya yang menyebabkan pembengkakan . Tubuh kemudian merasakan kehilangan cairan dan sinyal ginjal untuk memerlukan air dan natrium . Hal ini pada gilirannya menyebabkan peningkatan volume cairan sirkulasi pembuluh darah yang mengarah ke kebocoran tambahan dan sehingga menyebar pembengkakan .
* Pembengkakan biasanya terasa panas jika disentuh , dan menyakitkan .
* Kecepatan di mana pembengkakan terjadi biasanya indikasi tingkat keparahan envenomation tersebut
* tanda Fang / Fang marks . Ini biasanya merupakan indikasi yang baik dari envenomation potensial. Ini bisa berupa tanda tusukan di situs , atau hanya goresan .
* Rasa sakit dapat digambarkan sebagai sensasi terbakar yang intens di lokasi gigitan .
* Edema ( pembengkakan ) biasanya terjadi segera setelah envenomation , lebih lanjut di sepanjang daerah yang terkena . Racun sitotoksik menghancurkan , atau melemahkan dinding kapiler . Hal ini menyebabkan perubahan tekanan di dalam kapiler yang menghasilkan cairan yang bocor ke jaringan sekitarnya yang menyebabkan pembengkakan . Tubuh kemudian merasakan kehilangan cairan dan sinyal ginjal untuk memerlukan air dan natrium . Hal ini pada gilirannya menyebabkan peningkatan volume cairan sirkulasi pembuluh darah yang mengarah ke kebocoran tambahan dan sehingga menyebar pembengkakan .
* Pembengkakan biasanya terasa panas jika disentuh , dan menyakitkan .
* Kecepatan di mana pembengkakan terjadi biasanya indikasi tingkat keparahan envenomation tersebut
.
* Korban akan mulai menampilkan bintik-bintik
perdarahan (Ekimosis) yang disebabkan oleh keluarnya darah ke dalam jaringan dari pembuluh darah yang
melemah.
* Tergantung pada tingkat keparahan, korban juga dapat hematoma (memar darah ) sekitar area gigitan. hal ini disebabkan melemahnya pembuluh darah yang menyebabkan perdarahan internal yang parah di sekitar lokasi gigitan.
* Blistering di sekitar daerah yang terkena karena meningkatnya volume cairan sirkulasi pembuluh darah.
* lymphnodes menjadi membesar (limfadenopati). Akumulasi cairan serta sel yang melawan infeksi dimana tubuh melepaskan untuk memerangi racun sitotoksik menyebabkan lymphnodes yang memperbesar beberapa kali ukuran normal . Ini menjadi sangat menyakitkan untuk disentuh.
* Perdarahan dari luka.
* Tergantung pada tingkat keparahan, korban juga dapat hematoma (memar darah ) sekitar area gigitan. hal ini disebabkan melemahnya pembuluh darah yang menyebabkan perdarahan internal yang parah di sekitar lokasi gigitan.
* Blistering di sekitar daerah yang terkena karena meningkatnya volume cairan sirkulasi pembuluh darah.
* lymphnodes menjadi membesar (limfadenopati). Akumulasi cairan serta sel yang melawan infeksi dimana tubuh melepaskan untuk memerangi racun sitotoksik menyebabkan lymphnodes yang memperbesar beberapa kali ukuran normal . Ini menjadi sangat menyakitkan untuk disentuh.
* Perdarahan dari luka.
TEKS ASLI :
Cytotoxic Venom
(Signs and Symptoms)
(Signs and Symptoms)
Cytotoxic venom is cell destroying, attacking both tissue
and blood cells.
The majority of snakes possessing this type of venom belong to the family Viperidae.
Cytotoxic bites probably account for 80% of all bites recorded world wide.
This type of venom usually presents itself as painful progressive swelling.
This venom is slow acting.
The majority of snakes possessing this type of venom belong to the family Viperidae.
Cytotoxic bites probably account for 80% of all bites recorded world wide.
This type of venom usually presents itself as painful progressive swelling.
This venom is slow acting.
Immediate symptoms of a Cytotoxic venom:
* Intense local pain at the bite site occuring immediately after envenomation.
* Gradual swelling becoming more pronounced as time goes by.
* Nausea and vomiting.
* A distinct metallic taste occurs shortly after envenomation.
* Loss of conciousness may occur.
* The body usually goes into a state of shock as a result of the envenomation which often leads to panic symptoms in the victim.
* Intense local pain at the bite site occuring immediately after envenomation.
* Gradual swelling becoming more pronounced as time goes by.
* Nausea and vomiting.
* A distinct metallic taste occurs shortly after envenomation.
* Loss of conciousness may occur.
* The body usually goes into a state of shock as a result of the envenomation which often leads to panic symptoms in the victim.
Other signs and symptoms of a cytotoxic venom:
* Fang marks. This is usually a good indication of a potential envenomation. This could either be distinct puncture marks at the site, or merely a scratch.
* The pain can be best described as an intense burning sensation at the bite site.
* Edema (swelling) usually occurs shortly after envenomation, progressing further along the affected area. Cytotoxic venom destroys, or weakens the capillary walls. This causes a change in pressure within the capillaries which results in fluids leaking into the surrounding tissue which causes the swelling. The body then senses the loss of fluid and signals the kidneys to hold onto water and sodium. This in turn leads to an increase of fluid volume circulating the blood vessels which leads to additional leakage and so the swelling spreads.
* The swelling usually feels hot to the touch, and is painful and tender.
* The speed at which the swelling occurs is usually a good indication as to the severity of the envenomation.
* Fang marks. This is usually a good indication of a potential envenomation. This could either be distinct puncture marks at the site, or merely a scratch.
* The pain can be best described as an intense burning sensation at the bite site.
* Edema (swelling) usually occurs shortly after envenomation, progressing further along the affected area. Cytotoxic venom destroys, or weakens the capillary walls. This causes a change in pressure within the capillaries which results in fluids leaking into the surrounding tissue which causes the swelling. The body then senses the loss of fluid and signals the kidneys to hold onto water and sodium. This in turn leads to an increase of fluid volume circulating the blood vessels which leads to additional leakage and so the swelling spreads.
* The swelling usually feels hot to the touch, and is painful and tender.
* The speed at which the swelling occurs is usually a good indication as to the severity of the envenomation.
* The victim will begin to display haemorrhagic spots
(Ecchymosis) which is caused by the escape of blood into the tissues from the
weakened blood vessels.
* Depending on the severity, the victim may also develop a haematoma (blood filled bruise) around the bite area. Once again this is due to the weakening of the blood vessels which leads to severe internal bleeding around the bite site.
* Blistering around the affected area occurs due to the increased volume of fluid circulating the blood vessels.
* The lymphnodes become enlarged (lymphadenopathy). The accumulation of fluid as well as the body releasing infection-fighting cells to combat the cytotoxic venom causes the lymphnodes to enlarge several times their normal size. These become extremely painful to touch.
* Bleeding from the wound.
* Depending on the severity, the victim may also develop a haematoma (blood filled bruise) around the bite area. Once again this is due to the weakening of the blood vessels which leads to severe internal bleeding around the bite site.
* Blistering around the affected area occurs due to the increased volume of fluid circulating the blood vessels.
* The lymphnodes become enlarged (lymphadenopathy). The accumulation of fluid as well as the body releasing infection-fighting cells to combat the cytotoxic venom causes the lymphnodes to enlarge several times their normal size. These become extremely painful to touch.
* Bleeding from the wound.
* The victim may also experience an increase, or decease in blood
pressure (dilation or constricting of blood vessels). A decrease in blood
pressure means that not enough oxygenated blood reaches the various body parts
which in turn prevents the adequate removal of waste products in the system
which in turn leads to shock. An increased blood pressure may lead to a heart
attack.
* Muscle twitching.* Victims may also complain from a dry thoat.
* Muscle twitching.* Victims may also complain from a dry thoat.
* Increased heart rate (Tachycardia). This means that the heart pumps less efficiently and therefore provides less blood flow to the body. This leads to the decrease of oxygen to the heart which may cause a heart attack.
Conversely a victim may also show a decreased heart rate (Brachycardia) which may cause dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting, nausea, and weakness.
* Tissue necrosis. The nature of cytotoxic venom prevents phagocytes (white blood cells that ingest or neutralise foreign particles in the body) from locating the dead cells. This leads to a build up of dead tissue around the bite site.
* Blood in urine (Hematuria).
* Red urine (hemoglobinuria).
* Death
